Field investigators facing confrontational situations with criminals are exposed to considerable personal risk. Responsible agencies and organisations ensure that their staff receive specialized training in the defensive tactics they can employ in the event of being attacked. Training offered extends from basic threat awareness, avoidance and evaluation to disarming techniques and tactical handcuffing. The basics of this training incorporate the scientific principles of neurology and Chinese acupuncture. The primary concept is to locate vital pressure point areas of a subjects anatomy and apply a formulated combination of low profile grappling and striking techniques which achieve maximum effect with minimum force, producing disorientation, temporary nerve incapacitation and energy disruption of an adversary.